ABB Robot Reducer: Function and Models
ABB is a global leader in industrial robotics and automation, offering a wide range of robots for applications such as welding, painting, assembly, packaging, and material handling. One of the critical components in ABB robots is the reducer (also known as a gear reducer or gearbox), which plays a crucial role in ensuring precise, efficient, and powerful motion control.
Function of a Robot Reducer
A robot reducer is a mechanical device that reduces the speed of the motor while increasing torque, allowing the robot to move with high precision and controlled force. In ABB robots, reducers are typically installed at each joint and serve the following functions:
Speed Reduction: Reduces the high-speed rotation of the servo motor to a lower speed suitable for robotic movements.
Torque Amplification: Increases the torque output to move the robot arm and handle payloads effectively.
Precision Control: Enhances positioning accuracy and repeatability, which is vital in tasks like assembly, welding, and machining.
Load Bearing: Supports axial and radial loads at the joints, ensuring mechanical stability.
Backlash Minimization: High-quality reducers reduce backlash (mechanical play), improving the robot’s responsiveness and accuracy.
Types and Models of Reducers in ABB Robots
Though ABB does not manufacture reducers themselves, they integrate high-performance gear reducers from trusted suppliers such as Harmonic Drive, Nabtesco, and Sumitomo. These reducers are customized and optimized for ABB’s range of robots.
Common Types:
Harmonic Drive Reducers:
Used in smaller robots and joints requiring high precision.
Advantages: Lightweight, compact size, zero backlash, high accuracy.
Cycloidal (Nabtesco) Reducers:
Common in medium to large ABB robots (e.g., IRB 6700).
Advantages: High torque capacity, durability, shock resistance.
Planetary Gear Reducers:
Often used in linear axes or larger movement stages.
Advantages: High efficiency, compact design, suitable for high-load applications.
Examples of ABB Robot Models Using Reducers
ABB IRB 1200: Uses compact harmonic drives for precision in small-scale tasks.
ABB IRB 2600: Medium payload robot with cycloidal reducers for higher torque and repeatability.
ABB IRB 6700: Heavy-duty industrial robot equipped with robust Nabtesco reducers to manage high payloads and long reach.
ABB YuMi (collaborative robot): Uses harmonic drives for lightweight, safe, and precise joint motion.
Reducers are essential for ABB robots, enabling controlled, powerful, and accurate movement. By integrating advanced harmonic, cycloidal, and planetary reducers, ABB ensures its robots meet the demanding requirements of modern industrial automation. As robotics technology evolves, future reducers will likely focus on improving efficiency, reducing weight, and enhancing precision even further.